Cross Cultural Analysis of Feminism in the Muslim Community

Muslim women in modern Muslim states encounter numerous predicaments and challenges particularly with the advent of Islamic conservatism worldwide. Muslim women are often oppressed and discriminated because their religion is used as a vehicle to propagate political ideas and form the basis with which the role of women in the society is determined.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cross Cultural Analysis of Feminism in the Muslim Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The significance of Islamic law in the Muslim culture is extremely strong and one that cannot be ignored. Muslim women cannot snub Islamic law since they would be considered as discarding their identity and heritage. When they inquire about certain facets of Islamic law, they are accused of rebuffing their religion. Meanwhile, accepting feminism is considered as betraying their political, religious and nationalist identity. However, some Muslim women consider this argument as a misplaced premise and believe that there are other options for Muslim women to make (Othman, 2006, p.339). This paper will thus analyze feminism in the Muslim societies. Majority of the modern Muslim states have displayed a tendency towards implementing Muslim laws in all facets of life. Sadly, the tenets of these laws are awkward and in most cases, do not subscribe to the modern concepts of equal rights for men and women in the society. Ever since the worldwide Islamic renaissance began in 1970 in the Muslim states, majority of rulers in these countries, whether contemporary or secular have reacted to these demands of their Muslim brothers. The concessions made by Muslim governments have led to the adoption of progressive Muslim laws that are discriminative and oppressive to Muslim women in the Muslim societies (Othman, 2006, p.340). The mounting pressure on the majority of Muslim governments to adopt democracy also creates a problem to Musl im feminists. In the many contemporary Muslim societies, democratic structures have been initiated without any political traditions in place. Therefore, the creation of political space in Muslim states has incorporated a number of political Islamic organizations, in addition to conservative and tribal leaders who do not subscribe to principles of equality in Islam. Consequently, the period after liberty from colonial rule, women have lost a number of achievements made with regard to their personal status and their rights in the marriage institution (Othman, 2006, p.340).Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, in Malaysia, an Islamic agenda was adopted with a relative success in economic policies from 1981 to 2003. The Barisan Nasional, the coalition party led by United Malays National Organization (UMNO) attempted to attract political support from the Muslim electo rate that through the adoption of Islamic policies. As described below, some of these policies restricted citizenship and human rights of Muslim women in the country (Othman, 2006, p.341). The ideologies fronted by Islamic movements in Malaysia are similar to those practised in many Islamic organizations in Arab world. These organizations have attempted to implement Islamic ideals by enforcing a collection of Islamic communal morals. They seek to reschedule tenets of social life, through the adoption of what they consider as authentic Islamic principles. Their foremost target is usually the rights and status of Muslim women in the society. Their attempt to control women in terms of their societal roles, sexuality and movements shapes the basic tenets of Islamic view of gender roles in the Muslim societies. For instance, the veiling of Muslim women and promotion of gender separation forms the core tenets of majority of Malaysian Islamic organizations. The subject of donning the hijab in all Muslim societies is a very sensitive issue. A Muslim woman’s commitment to her faith and Islamic identity is usually associated with donning the hijab. Thus, the impact of this religious requirement on their human rights is that it denies Muslim women the freedom of choice with respect to dressing (Othman, 2006, p.342). The persistence demand by most Islamists movements that women must wear hijab restricts the moral freedom and personal liberty of Muslim women in the society. An honor killing is without doubt an extreme form of domestic violence against Muslim women in Muslim societies. An honor killing is defined as a â€Å"premeditated murder of preadolescent, adolescent, or adult women by one or more male members of the immediate or extended family† (Yurdakul, 2001, p.964). The form of execution is usually determined by the family council which also set the day of the event.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cross Cultural Analy sis of Feminism in the Muslim Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The natures of charges leveled against Muslim women are tremendously vague and accusations may vary from dating, holding hands, kissing and having sex with someone who is not the woman’s culturally authorized husband (Yurdakul, 2001, p.965). Although domestic violence against family member is prohibited in many Muslim countries, incidents of honor killings in these states are rarely addressed by the judicial system of these countries. For example, in Turkey, the law enforcement process against incidents of honor killings is hazy. The principal participants in the criminal justice system are usually male who subscribe to discriminative Islamic tenets against women. For example, a recent survey revealed that over 65% of the police acknowledged that women were to blame for domestic violence against them because of their provocative dressing manners (Yurdakul, 2001, p.971). The majority of amendments to Muslim family bylaws exhibit gender biasness in nature. They have made divorce and polygamy more favorable for men and financial obligations of men towards women has been ignored. Muslim women who are deserted, divorced or beaten up by their spouses have no other options to seek legal redress other than through the shariah legal system which in most cases, rule in favor of men. It is usually easier for Muslim men to marry many women or divorce their wives because the law allows them to do so (Othman, 2006, p.344). Muslim women are not oppressed; on the contrary, they are liberated. When women don hijab and dress in loose fittings, they are complying with instructions of their Lord to be humble (Al-Oula, 2007, p.6). Islam acknowledges and promotes the inherent differences between women and men in spite of their equality. These differences do no favor Muslim men over their female counterparts because God is impartial. Islam teaches that Mus lim women should be loved and be treated with respect. For example, wives have a right to receive bride price as a gift from their husband for the marriage to be legal (Al-Oula, 2007, p.12). These rights are from God and aim to preserve a balance in the society.Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Feminist social movements refer to the escalating tendency of national feminisms to politicize women’s matters beyond the frontiers of the nation state. The term points to the position taken by Muslim women against oppressive Islamic practises in Muslim the societies (Mendoza, 2002, p.314). With regard to new challenges to oppressive Islamic practises, Muslim women have adjusted their traditional roles within the modern American Muslim spheres. For example, National American Council for Muslim Women (NACMW) is among organizations that have redefined tenets of Islamic leadership by augmenting authoritative female voices. The organization educate Muslim women about new concepts regarding gender issues, Muslim culture and their religious roles, concepts that cannot be disputed by traditional Islamic practises (Abugideiri, 2001, p.1). The manner in which Islamic leadership is practised in Muslim societies- both inside and outside the western world- exhibits the models practised i n the early customs. As a matter of fact, Islamic leadership symbolizes masculinity, to which, the role of Muslim women is nonexistence (Abugideiri, 2001, p.2). As a result, some Muslim women have responded to Islamic chauvinism by starting feminist social movements. For example, the National American Council for Muslim Women (NACMW) was founded by Akhateeb in response to the cynicism encountered by Muslim women in Muslim organizations in the United States. NACMW was set up to provide education to Muslim women and arm them with Islamic knowledge so that they can control their lives (Abugideiri, 2001, p.10). NACMW has therefore confronted the traditional tenets of Muslim organizations in the United States. Apart from teaching Muslim women about Islam, the NACMW has been bold enough to tackle taboo issues such as domestic violence, polygamy and honor killings against Muslim women (Abugideiri, 2001, p.11). In spite of the unfavourable cultural and religious practises that restrict the freedom of women in many Arab societies, a good number of feminist social movements have come out to fight for the rights of Muslim women in the society. The National American Council for Muslim Women, for instance is committed to ensuring that the oppressive Islamic practises against women are brought to an end. References Abugideiri, H. (2001). The Renewed Woman of American Islam: Shifting Lenses towards Gender Jihad. The Muslim World, 91, 1-18. Al-Oula, J. (2007). Are Muslim women oppressed? Retrieved from https://www.islamweb.net/en/article/109366/ Mendoza, B. (2002). Transnational feminisms in question. Feminist Theory, 3, 313-332 Othman, N. (2006). Muslim women and the challenges of Islamic fundamentalism/extremism: An overview of Southeast Asian Muslim women’s struggle for human rights and gender equality. Women’s Studies International Forum, 29, 339-353. Yurdakul, SA. (2001). Culture of Honor, Culture of Change: A Feminist Analysis of Honor Killings in Rural Tu rkey. Violence Against Women, 7,964-998. 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Arm Yourself With Funny Sarcastic Quotes to Make an Impact

Arm Yourself With Funny Sarcastic Quotes to Make an Impact We live in a sarcastic society. You find sarcasm everywhere. Newspaper headlines reek of sarcasm. Blog posts, status updates, and tweets are filled with sarcastic quotes. Sometimes, you hear a honeyed compliment from a not-so-good friend, only to realize later that you just got a jab of sarcasm.Sarcasm can be an underhand compliment, a snarky retort, or a curt jibe. People often use sarcasm to vent their unhappiness. Or to hurt others. Some sarcastic comments are so subtle that you wouldnt be able to tell the difference between a compliment and sarcasm.Many famous actors and writers are known for sarcasm. Groucho Marx was admired and feared for his in-your-face comebacks. His words hardly ever missed the mark, and often kept inflated egos in check. Mark Twain was especially famous for his witty sarcasms. He earned quite a reputation for his tongue-in-cheek jabs at educational institutions, and even religion and death. Winston Churchill and Oscar Wilde were also infamous for their famous putdowns. Sometimes you need to put people in their place. Especially those Internet trolls, who have the I-can-write-whatever-I-want attitude. When logical debates and arguments lose their sheen, you can resort to sarcasm. If you want to use sarcasm to end a pointless argument or to cut down a narcissist to size, use these funny sarcastic quotes. With a biting retort, you can have the last word, and the last laugh. Half the world is composed of idiots, the other half of people clever enough to take indecent advantage of them. - Walter Kerr I am so clever that sometimes I dont understand a single word of what I am saying. Oscar Wilde I guess I just prefer to see the dark side of things. The glass is always half empty. And cracked. And I just cut my lip on it. And chipped a tooth. Janeane Garofalo A celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become well-known, then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized. Fred Allen A prisoner of war is a man who tries to kill you and fails, and then asks you not to kill him. Sir Winston Churchill After all, what is your hosts purpose in having a party? Surely not for you to enjoy yourself; if that were their sole purpose, theyd have simply sent champagne and women over to your place by taxi. P. J. ORourke Asking politicians to give up a source of money is like asking Dracula to forsake blood. Cal Thomas I can stand brute force, but brute reason is quite unbearable. There is something unfair about its use. It is hitting below the intellect. Oscar Wilde Dont look back - something might be gaining on you. Satchel Paige Don’t be so humble - you are not that great. Golda Meir Government is like junior high. Your status depends upon whom youre able to persecute. Jonathan Kellerman Have no fear of perfection - youll never reach it. Salvador Dali I am not a vegetarian because I love animals. I am a vegetarian because I hate plants. A. Whitney Brown I dont mind going back to daylight saving time. With inflation, the hour will be the only thing Ive saved all year. Victor Borge I have met a lot of hardboiled eggs in my time, but youre twenty minutes. Oscar Wilde I have wondered at times what the Ten Commandments would have looked like if Moses had run them through the U.S. Congress. Ronald Reagan I like long walks, especially when they are taken by people who annoy me. Fred Allen Im all in favor of keeping dangerous weapons out of the hands of fools. Lets start with typewriters. Frank Lloyd Wright If youre going to tell people the truth, be funny or theyll kill you. Billy Wilder It is better to be thought a fool, than to open ones mouth and remove all doubt. Mark Twain Just because nobody complains doesnt mean all parachutes are perfect. Benny Hill Maybe this world is another planets Hell. Aldous Huxley Morality is simply the attitude we adopt towards people whom we personally dislike. Oscar Wilde My mothers menu consisted of two choices: Take it or leave it. Buddy Hackett One of the hardest things to imagine is that you are not smarter than average. Jonathan Fuerbringer Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and Im not sure about the former. Albert Einstein

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 20

Case study - Essay Example 23). It is a case which may result to the eventual failure of the kidney, further, resulting to the death of the patient. The condition stems from abnormal and premature red blood cells destruction, which then clogs the filter system within the kidneys. In view of the condition, various factors may result to such happenings, endangering the life of the patient. The condition of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome happens in most cases on children often after having a bloody diarrhea, which results from infection with a strand of Escherichia coli (E. coli) (Eddy 2011, p 17). In the case of adult infection, the condition may stem from various causes, including the infection from the E. coli. Among other causes of the condition of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in adults is taking particular types of medication, which then results in dysfunctional kidneys, another infection that affects the lymphatic system and pregnancy. In this case, the pregnancy basis is of concern as the patient presented in the case study developed several symptoms and conditions that linked the condition to a severe case of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. The patient suffered significantly as the maternity reports show that the delivery did not have any complications. Thus, in this case, it is essential to evaluate the conditions she suffered thereafter with respect to her initial pregnan cy status and the process of her delivery. This will aid to establish whether the case is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and the therapeutic options available for management of the condition for the patient. In view of the patient and the condition of Oliguria with Protenuria, several aspects connect the condition of the patient to the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, considering that she was coming from the maternity. The factors of pregnancy that relate to the resulting of Oliguria in pregnancy are diverse. For instance, the patient during the process of delivery may suffer excessive loss of body fluid. In such

Female Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Female Entrepreneurship - Essay Example And, they have succeeded properly to show the world that they can be equality powerful and wise to run an organization as an entrepreneur. From the family run business and small business to the multinational companies the existence of the females in the powerful positions are clearly visible in the present time. From the grass root these females are nourishing themselves with great education. In the present time it has been seen that in most of the business schools the involvement of the male and female are almost same. This paper will focus on the general discussion about the female entrepreneurs. The leadership qualities and the present scenario in which these ladies are performing astonishingly are also mentioned accordingly. Introduction: In this modern society the men and women share the same respects. However, the females used to be taken as the weak gender for several years in the history of the human civilization. According to the mythical stories men and women are evolved fr om the same living organism. However, the behavioral approach and the communication pattern are totally different among these two living organism. John Gray’s book â€Å"men are from mars women are from Venus† became one of the most successful book in the last few decades for the behavioral study of these two living gender in the earth. It has been observed at a high intensity that the most important resource for an organization’s overall development remains to be its people and the customers whom it is serving to. It is by far the vital component in prospective decision making processes. (Heller, 2005). The policies and the practices within the organizational framework depend highly on its ability to adapt itself within an intensified competitive environment. (Dragun, n.d) Business environment: Men and women are different in their approaches and may be that is the reason the difference is seen in the decision making process of the females in the business enviro nment. It has been approved that the board of the companies have understood the potentials of the women CEOs and they have understood the impact of the positive impact of the new generation women CEOs in the field of brand building and building the new business empires (Price, 2007). There are many factors are important for the female CEOs to be successful in the men dominated world. Due to diverse range of participation, implementation of policies and variety of individual perception over execution of equal employment policies for females, the field of international business has become so diverse. Scholars like Toyne are of different opinion, as they have provided special emphasis on individual business organizations as participating units in the operation of international business and they also have pointed out the main reason behind disparity is actual consensus that more emphasis is provided on the entire business situation; rather than the organization â€Å"as unit if analysi s† (Vaghefi, Paulson and Tomlinson, 1991). Thus, the entire field of international business highly diversified and encompasses within its scope diverse range of strategic applications that are actually aimed at ensuring survival of an organization in an extremely competitive market. The strategic application regarding investment in international bus

Countering Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Countering Terrorism - Essay Example Different quotas have used different methods trying to stop terrorism all over the world. In essence, the counter terrorism procedure incorporates both the exposure of potential acts and the reaction to related events (Maras, 2012). Counter terrorism is known to include standard police and domestic intelligence. It has both traditional and modern technology. In terms of traditional methods, there is interception of communication and tracing of persons. On the other hand, the new technology entails the range of military and law enforcement operations (Crenshaw, 2010). It is a common occurrence that terrorism has continued to cause pain and suffering on the lives of people all over the world. In fact, every single day does not go down without the act of terrorism being detected in a particular part of the world, as having affected innocent people who happen to be at the wrong place at the wrong time, this is one of the many unfortunate cases that has raised interest in one of the most renowned international defenders of Human Rights organizations, the United Nations, an agenda that is been discussed currently. According to Hughes, et al 2011, the impact of terrorism on human beings has devastating consequences especially on the right to life, liberty and physical integrity of the victims. Additionally, terrorism destabilizes most governments, undermine the freedom of civil society, tampers with peace and security in the conflict zones, as well as, those surrounding them, and further threatens the social and economic development of nations a factor that is tagged on the impact of enjoying human rights. Governments obligation such as security and protection of individuals, which is a basic human right is not respected as expected (Crenshaw, 2010). In the past years, numerous methods have been used by governments and states towards the curbing of terrorism. However, a high percentage of these measures and methods have continually posed challenges to human rights and the rule of law. In fact, some of these states have engaged in human torture and other ill treatments to counter terrorism disregarding the legal and watchdogs that have been put in place to prevent torture. Maras, 2012 argues that, other states and governments have deported suspected persons of engaging in terrorism to their mother countries where they are subjected to excessive torture, over and above, human rights abuse that is directly associated to violation of international legal obligations. Needless to mention, independence of the judiciary had been ignored and undermined by a substantial number of states and governments while the use of special courts to handle suspected persons of terrorism have seriously impacted the normal running of the general court processing. Some of the developing states and government have used resources that are allocated for social programmes and economic development for the security purposes, a situation that has affected the economic, social a nd cultural rights to many. Principally, combating terrorism has been hugely associated with the use of military, human torture, and the abuse of human rights. Apparently, it is essential that states and government should begin using other methods other than military engagement to stop terrorism all over the world. Crenshaw 2010 asserts that some of these methods include; counter terrorism strategy for

The Product Differentiation Strategy Marketing Essay

The Product Differentiation Strategy Marketing Essay Excellent Shoes Manufacturing Pte Ltd has the options of using different strategies in their business; using appropriate examples, describe your understanding of these different strategies and suggest what strategy you might recommend the Company to use. In present day the economic is flexibility and the company that be able to survive in this field should know how to manage their own resource in the maximum efficiency and need to follow the market change and movement, the way to do this depends on the different technique and operating diversely on strategic management of the company. Especially, in the consumer markets which there is a high level of competitive. It is the essential that every single company should open up its market in new area, expanding further with modest ambitions or operating in additional differentiation products in markets annually. These factors are main causes to bring successfully to business which I believe that it depends on how the company maintain competitive advantage in business strategies? , What types of strategies are available in the business environment? Another important aspect is that the company can use flexibility standard strategies or develop its own strategy or not? In term of Excellent Shoes Manufacturing Pte Ltd, with the size of medium business, I feel that the company can use different of business strategies, according to its situation. For example, at the beginning, when the company was established, it may face different challenges than at the present. Moreover, the business strategies that it is implemented may be different from its competitor. In my point of view, I believe that there are four types of business strategies by following these: 1. Growth Strategy A growth strategy conduces introducing new products or adding new features to existing products. Sometimes, the company may be forced to modify or increase its product line to keep up with competitors. By using the new technology of a competitive company is a core concept to play on growth strategy. For example, the company is likely constantly adding new features or discovering new technology for shoes healthy design in order to save customerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s feet while they are wearing. As a result, shoes companies that do not keep up with consumer preference would not stay in business long period. Moreover, the firm may also adopt a growth strategy by finding a new target customer group for its products. Sometimes, it can find new one for its products by chance. For example, as a result of the company is a specialises in the manufacturing and supply of high fashion leather shoes and the manufacturer may discover through marketing research that young teenagers in school like its products. Hence, in addition to selling fashion leather for students in order to distribute to retail stores or shoes shop in school, the company could design the shoes product in format of school styles. 2. Product Differentiation Strategy Most of companies will often use a product differentiation strategy when they have a competitive advantage, such as superior quality or service. For example, the shoes manufacturers may set themselves apart from competitors with their superior engineering design or manufacturing technology. Obviously, companies use a product differentiation strategy to set themselves apart from key competitors. However, I believe that a product differentiation strategy can also help a company build brand loyalty. It can see that today, the company is known in the local industry and it is amongst the top companies who can produce a high quality pair of sports shoes and ladies fashion leather shoes. 3. Price à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Skimming Strategy A price-skimming strategy involves charging high prices for a product, particularly during the introductory phase. The company will use a price-skimming strategy to quickly recover its production and advertising costs. However, there must be something special about the product for consumers to pay the excessive price. An example would be the introduction of a new technology. By doing this, it may be the first to introduce a new type of new sport shoes aerodynamic design or leather formal shoes modern styles. Because the company is the only one selling the product, customers that really want in trend by wearing new one and willing to pay the higher price. 4. Acquisition Strategy According to the size of company with extra capital may use an acquisition strategy to gain a competitive advantage. An acquisition strategy conduces purchasing another company. For example, the company may purchase a polyester factory or a leather factory in order to expand its operations and to control cost of shoes raw material. 5. Cost Leadership The benefit of formulation this business strategy is that the company will consciously choose to position its company as a provider of products or services at the low end of the pricing point compared to its competitors. Moreover, it could make up in volume what they may forfeit in terms of a high price point. On the other hand, Cost leadership is a business strategy that allows a company to become the lowest cost production company in an industry. Traditionally, businesses have two key options for improving profits by increasing sales or decreasing costs. By doing this, the company need focus more on acquiring raw materials that are the highest quality at the lowest price. Another important aspect is that the company must also use the best labour to transform raw materials into valuable consumer goods. Low-cost leadership usually translates into high-quality goods at low consumer prices. The capability to undercut a competitorsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ price often leads to increases in market share. In term of suggestion, what types of strategies should be formulated for Excellent Shoes Manufacturing Pte Ltd; I claim that the company could bring the result from the step of strategy analysis and to consider in these questions, what the external and internal environments that are confronting are? How the company can organizes and combines its resources in order to build its strengths, to eliminate its weaknesses and to sustain core competencies? How the company can achieve to find good opportunities for growing the business and to keep changing of posing a threat. From the consideration in those questions, I feel that I could recommend the company to use cost leadership strategy. As of the issue that Mr. Pattakorn is worried about the return of the investment in terms of profit is not as good as it was during his fatherà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s time. Conversely, the firm seems to have grown bigger with the manufacturing of many more pair of shoes. It is likely that the firm would have the problem from too high production cost. I believe that if the company can review and to control production cost, it will bring back the outstanding profitability. To sum up, sometimes, businesses would look for a combination strategy to please customers looking for multiple factors such as quality, style, convenience and price.

Jacques Coustean :: Biography People Coustean Essays

Jacques Coustean The country of France has contributed many brilliant cultural figures over their nation’s history. There is a long and complicated history of rulers, musicians, artists, and philosophers. But what name was the first to come to mind when I began to search for an artist from my ancestor’s country of origin? None other than Jacques Cousteau, the red-knit-cap-wearing, fishy-loving filmmaker who pioneered underwater photography. Through the use of documentary, Cousteau brought up from the deep whole new worlds unseen by the public until he entered the scene. Jacques-Yves Cousteau had a life-long affinity for water, even since childhood. Born on 1910, young Jacques always enjoyed swimming, and when he decided to go into the French armed forces at the age of 20, the Navy was the obvious choice (Cousteau Society). Great artists and scientists alike often speak of a moment of inspiration, one specific instance where an idea strikes the brain with such force that it must be carried out. Cousteau speaks of how fortunate he was to have just such a moment, as a young naval officer. He was swimming in the Mediterranean using goggles, when he became mesmerized by his new found ability to look with equal ease at the structures both above and below the water’s surface (Tebbe). If he could combine his love of the aquatic with his affinity for film, he could provide the whole world with goggles to view the sea. Eight years later, Jacques Cousteau made his first underwater film, â€Å"10 Fathoms Down.† Incredibly, the movie was shot entirely with breath-hold diving. Naturally, this greatly limited the scope of the project. Because of his desire to explore the depths with more ease and for longer periods of time, Cousteau and Emile Gagnan developed the Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus, or scuba, as it is commonly known (Cousteau Society). This invention revolutionized sea research and exploration, and opened up a world of possibilities in the realm of underwater filming/photography that Cousteau would come to master. Over the course of his lifetime, Jacques Cousteau was instrumental in the creation of 144 theatrical and television films and authored 50 books. The pivotal film that launched Cousteau into the public sphere and first introduced an international audience to the wonders of the deep was â€Å"The Silent World.† Based on the critically acclaimed book Cousteau had written three years earlier, the film was released in 1956. It was the first color film using underwater footage, and the global response was tremendous.